9. Critical Responses and the Newspeak Appendix

About this Lecture

Lecture

In this module, we think about some the critical responses to the text and the importance of the Newspeak Appendix at the end of the novel, focusing in particular on: (i) Orwell’s own comments on his novel (“My novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is not intended as an attack on socialism”); (ii) the critiques of Philip Reiff, Lionel Trilling, Christopher Hitchens, and Stephen Ingle; (iii) the views of left-wing critics Isaac Deutscher and Raymond Williams, and the extent to which Nineteen Eighty-Four can be read as a relatively conservative text; and (iv) the importance of the Newspeak Appendix at the end of novel.

Course

In this course, Dr Adam Stock (York St John University) explores George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four. The first four modules cover historical and literary context, including the genre of the novel, the life and career of George Orwell himself, and the political ideologies that were swirling round Europe in thirties and forties and which left their mark on the novel. The following four modules focus on the text itself, thinking about its structure, and how it engages with the concepts of time and space, history and memory, epistemology and ontology and power and language. In the final three modules, we think about some critical approaches to the novel, focusing in particular on Orwell’s presentation of nature and the natural world, and of female characters in the novel.

Lecturer

Dr Adam Stock is Senior Lecturer in English Literature at York St John University. As a researcher, he specialises in the interdisciplinary areas of utopian studies, science fiction and modernisms. His book Dystopian Fiction and Political Thought: Narratives of World Politics (2019) examined dystopian fiction from the first half of the twentieth century, while he is currently interested in questions about boundaries and borderlands, spatialisation, and the temporalities of speculative fiction in the twentieth and twenty-first century.