1. The Role of Witnesses

About this Lecture

Lecture

In this lecture, we think about the role of witnesses in a police investigation, focusing in particular on: (i) the two main investigative questions ‘What happened?’ ‘Who did it?'; (ii) how psychologists can support police in answering these questions by helping them gather more reliable information from witnesses; (iii) the importance of establishing a ‘contamination timeline’ stretching from the scene of the crime to the courtroom, to take account of the different points at which a witness’s memory of an event may have become distorted through post-event discussion or questioning; (iv) why the gathering of reliable information from witnesses is so crucial to maintaining a just legal process.

Course

In this course, Prof. Becky Milne (University of Portsmouth) explores witness memory and the cognitive interview, a forensic interviewing technique used by police officers to improve the quantity and quality of information gathered from witnesses, victims and suspects. In the first lecture, we think about the role of witnesses in a police investigation before moving on. In the second lecture, we look at witness memory more specifically. In the third lecture, we look at the cognitive interview as an important aspect of police training in the UK. Next, we explore what the cognitive interview is and how it works. In the fifth and final lecture, we conclude the course by looking at how the cognitive interview is applied in real life scenarios.

Lecturer

Becky Milne is Professor of Forensic Psychology and is a chartered forensic psychologist and scientist and Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society. She is an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Police Science and Management and is on the editorial boards for the Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, Frontiers: Forensic and Legal Psychology, Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, and the British Journal of Forensic Practice. Becky is one of the Academic lead members of the Association of National Police Chiefs Council (NPCC) Investigative Interviewing Strategic Steering Group. The main focus of her work over the past twenty years concerns the examination of police interviewing and investigation. Jointly with practitioners, she has helped to develop procedures the improve the quality of interviews of witnesses, victims, intelligence sources, and suspects of crime across many countries (e.g. the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Brazil, Ireland, China, South Korea, Cyrpus, Malta, Mauritius, Belgium, Iceland, South Africa, the USA, Canada, France, Portugal, Dubai, and Singapore). As a result, she works closely with the police (and other criminal justice organisations), creating novel interview techniques, developing training, running interview courses, and providing case advice. She has worked closely with the police and other criminal justice organisations (in the UK and abroad) through training of the Enhanced Cognitive Interview, Witness Interview Advising and also in the interviewing of vulnerable groups (Tier 3 and 5) and providing case advice. Becky was part of a team who developed the Achieving Best Evidence Document (Home Office, 2007) National guidance regarding how best to interview vulnerable and intimidated witnesses and victims, and she recently developed with Dr Kevin Smith, National UK Police Vulnerable lead (NCA) the witness interview strategy for critical incidents (WISCI) post the recent terror attacks. Becky was given the 2009 Tom Williamson award for her outstanding achievements in the field of investigative interviewing by ACPO (now NPCC). She is a CREST affiliate and an invited member of the Convention Against Torture Initiative, UN Group of Friends. Becky recently opened the Centre of Forensic Interviewing: Research and training in investigative interviewing for all types of investigator at all stages of their career, from the basics to advanced interview skills and master classes. The Centre also enables students to participate and examine interviews being conducted. The Centre will also host research projects and will provide an exciting opportunity to conduct new avenues of work in this field which will in turn help to inform the training provided to the practitioners. The Centre encompasses state of the art digital interview recording suites.