5. The Restoration, 1660-1700

About this Lecture

Lecture

In this module, we think about developments in the period 1660-1700, focusing in particular on: (i) the difference between the Plantations of Ireland and the plantations of the Caribbean and North America; (ii) the extent to which the English government facilitated the growth and profitability of the slave trade from the 1660s onwards: the creation of the Royal Africa Company in 1660, the establishment of slaving forts in the Gambia in the 1660s, etc.; (iii) further expansion in North America, some of which as a result of direct government actions, e.g. New York in 1664; (iv) the expansion of the territories managed by the East India Company: Bombay in 1668, Calcutta in 1690; (v) the attempts by Westminster to regulate (and profit from) international trade: the Navigation Acts, the establishment of the Board of Trade, the creation of the Bank of England, etc.; (vi) the emergence of direct government of overseas territories, e.g. the creation of the Dominion of New England; and (vii) the extent to which the system as it existed in 1700 resembled the 'high empire' of the mid-19th century.

Course

In this course, Professor Michael Braddick (University of Sheffield) explores the origins of the British Empire between 1500-1700. In the first module, we provide some thoughts on how we as historians can best approach such a complex historical phenomenon as the British Empire. In the four modules that follow that, we trace development in four distinct periods – the Tudors (1500-1603), the early Stuarts (1603-40), the civil war(s) and interregnum (1640-1660), and the Restoration (1660-1700). In each case, we think about key developments in what kinds of activities were taking place, where they were taking place, the extent to which the government was involved in these activities, the role of capital and investment, and the overall 'vision' (if any) of what was going on. In the sixth and final module, we provide some more thoughts on how to think about the development of the British Empire, and offer some suggestions for how the kinds of analyses seen in this course can be fruitfully applied to the development of the Empire from 1700 onwards.

Lecturer

Michael Braddick is a Professor of History at the University of Sheffield. Before that, he was Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Alabama and Assistant Professor at Birmingham-Southern College, Alabama. He has held fellowships from the British Academy, the Nuffield Foundation and a Major Research Fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust. He has also held visiting scholarships at the Huntington Library, California, the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History in Frankfurt, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, the École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris, and an ARC distinguished visiting fellowship at the University of Adelaide.

He is the author of five books and around 40 chapters and articles, dealing with aspects of state formation, the English revolution and forms of political engagement and agency in early modern England, Ireland and the British Atlantic. He is also editor or co-editor of nine essay collections, three special editions of academic journals and of a major edition of seventeenth century letters.

His most recent publications are: The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, God's Fury, England's Fire: A New History of the English Civil Wars, Popular Culture and Political Agency in Early Modern England and Ireland (co-edited with Phil Withington), Suffering and Happiness in England 1550-1850: Narratives and Representations (co-edited with Jo Innes), as well as an edited collection on The politics of gesture: historical perspectives.