1. Roosevelt and the First Hundred Days

About this Lecture

Lecture

In this module, we think about Roosevelt’s road to the Presidency and his first hundred days in power, focusing in particular on: (i) his background and early life, including his relation to Theodore Roosevelt; (ii) his political career from his time as Assistant Secretary to the Navy (1913-20) to his election as US President in 1932; (iii) the problems faced by the United States when Roosevelt becomes President; (iv) Roosevelt’s immediate actions on taking office – his four-day national banking holiday and the Emergency Banking Act; (v) his actions in the first hundred days of his Presidency, including the passage of fifteen pieces of major legislation; (vi) the agencies set up to alleviate unemployment – the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC); (vii) Roosevelt’s reform of the finance industry, including the establishment of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); and (viii) the creation of the National Recovery Agency (NRA) under the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA); and (ix) the extent to which Roosevelt’s first hundred days should be seen as a success – in humanitarian, political and economic terms.

Course

In this course, Professor Iwan Morgan (University College, London) explores the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-45), widely-regarded as one of the greatest presidents in US history. In the first module, we think about Roosevelt’s road to the presidency and the unprecedented level of legislative activity that marked his first hundred days in power. In the second module, we think about the reasons for Roosevelt's shift to the left in his second legislative burst in 1935-36, before turning in the third module to his battle with the Supreme Court. In the fourth module, we explore the transformation of the Democratic Party under Roosevelt and the emerging tension between the party’s traditional base in the South and the new (liberal, urban, minority) constituencies that entered the party in the 1930s. Finally, in the fifth module, we think about Roosevelt’s transformation of the presidency itself, including his unprecedented role in legislation, the economy, the judiciary, and foreign affairs.

Lecturer

Iwan Morgan is Professor of US Studies at the Institute of the Americas, University College London, and also holds an honorary position as Commonwealth Fund Chair of American History in the UCL Department of History.

Professor Morgan is a distinguished fellow of the Rothermere American Institute, University of Oxford. He was awarded the British Association of American Studies Honorary Fellowship in 2014 in recognition of his contributions to the discipline over the course of his career; his work The Age of Deficits (Kansas University Press, 2009), won the American Politics Group's 2010 Richard Neustadt Book Prize.

Professor Morgan has published widely in various fields of modern US political history and in political economy. Much of his work has a presidential focus. He is director of the United States Presidency Centre. He was also chair of the executive committee of the Historians of the Twentieth Century United States from 2007 to 2013. He was a member of the executive committee of the British Association of American Studies in 2009-2012.