2. Subcultural Theories

About this Lecture

Lecture

In this lecture, we think about cultural, and especially subcultural, theories of crime, focusing in particular on: (i) the concepts of culture and subculture within sociological theory; (ii) Albert Cohen’s work, which unifies subcultural theory and Merton’s ideas around strain to argue that delinquent subcultures emerge to overcome “status frustration”; (iii) Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin’s related argument that criminal subcultures provide illegitimate opportunity structures for people to achieve status and wealth where legitimate opportunities are not available; (iv) some key criticisms of subcultural approaches to crime.

Course

In this course, Dr Francesca Menichelli (University of Surrey) explores sociological theories of crime. In the first lecture, we consider early approaches to explaining crime, particularly those from a Functionalist perspective, including Émile Durkheim’s concept of anomie and Robert Merton’s strain theory. In the second lecture, we look at subcultural theories, such as Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin’s notion of illegitimate opportunity structures. In the third lecture, we look at the relationship between crime and place through the ideas of the Chicago School and broken windows theory. Next, we examine labelling theory and moral panics – approaches which look less at explaining why people commit crime and more at how crime is defined by society. In the fifth lecture, we outline three theoretical perspectives influenced by Marxism – radical criminology, critical criminology and left realism. In the sixth and final lecture, we explore ideas grounded in rational choice theory, such as Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson’s routine activity theory.

Lecturer

Dr Francesca Menichelli is Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Surrey. Her research focuses on crime prevention, policing and social control, and her teaching covers a broad range of criminological issues. She is author of Order and Conflict in Public Space (2016).